Numbers in parentheses refer to specific pages in the APA 7th Edition manual.
Information on DOIs can be found in the APA Manual (pp. 298-300) or, through APA's online description of DOIs and URLs.
If a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is listed on either a print or an electronic source, it should be included in the reference (p. 299). A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string that is used to identify a certain source (typically journal articles, but also some books). If an article has a DOI, it can usually be found on the first page of the article, in the database record, or by searching crossref.org. On a book, it may be found on the book record if it was located in a database or, on the work's copyright page.
Example:
https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200410001676305
DOIs should be formatted:
| Book: General |
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxx OR URL, if applicable Franks, A. (2005). Margaret Sanger's eugenic legacy: The control of female fertility. McFarland & Company. |
| Entire Book: Electronic Version |
Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000 |
|
Entire Book: |
Greig, A., Taylor, J., & MacKay, T. (2013). Doing research with children: A practical guide. Sage. |
|
Entry in Online Reference Work |
American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Internet addiction. In APA dictionary of psychology. Retrieved April 24, 2020, from https://dictionary.apa.org/internet-addiction |
| Chapter in an Edited Book |
Watson, J. (2018). Integrative nursing and caring science: Universals of human caring and healing. In M. J. Kreitzer & M. Koithan (Eds.), Integrative Nursing (2nd ed., pp. 20-28). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190851040.001.0001 |
| Journal: General |
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume(issue), page range. https://doi.org/xxxx OR URL, if applicable |
|
Journal Article with DOI |
Pettigrew, T. F. (2009). Secondary transfer effect of contact: Do intergroup contact effects spread to noncontacted outgroups? Social Psychology, 40(2), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.40.2.55 |
| Journal Article without DOI |
Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap |
|
Magazine Article |
Zorthian, J. (2017, May 25). Real-life robocops. Time, 189(21). https://time.com/4793902/real-life-robocops/ |
|
Newspaper Article |
Severson, K., & Martin, A. (2009, March 3). It's organic, but does that mean it's safer? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/04/dining/04cert.html |
| Basic Website | Sims, A. (2018, February 26). The most popular houseplants of spring 2018. Architectural Digest. https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/popular-houseplant-trends-spring-2018 |
| Government Publications from a Website |
Name of Government Agency. (Year). Title of document: Subtitle (Report No. xxx [if available]). URL of specific document National Cancer Institute. (2019). Taking time: Support for people with cancer (NIH Publication No. 18-2059). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/takingtime.pdf |
| Online Reference Work |
Personal or Corporate Author. (Publication or last update date; if not know, use n.d.). Title of specific entry. In Name of Book. URL of specific webpage Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Citation. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved May 1, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/citation |
You can find more reference examples on the APA Style Website at https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples.